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Saturday, 17 April 2021
Hathor - Cow-goddess of the sky, fertility, love, beauty, and music.
Hathor was a cow-goddess of ancient origin, as "Mistress of Heaven", she was seen as the celestial cow, whose four legs supported the vault of heaven and her star spangled belly was the sky itself. In Predynastic Egypt, however, it is uncertain if a cult was dedicated to Hathor or Bat as the most likely candidate for the cow-heads on the Narmer Palette (approx 3000BC).
Hathor's many titles include, "The Eye Of Re", "Lady of the West", "The Mistress of Heaven", "The Lady of the Stars", "The gold that is Hathor", "Lady Of Denderah", "Lady of the Sycamore" and "The Golden One".
Hathor, was the daughter of Re, the Sun God, and was at times known as the "Eye of Re", and identified as an avenging deity in the form of a lion called Sakhmet. Sent out by Re, in the form of a large all seeing eye, to watch over mankind, When she was too fiercely aroused she could become savage and destructive. Hathor, was probably the origin of the concept of the 'evil eye'. The Ankh, is thought to have been derived from Hathor's Eye and is a symbol of good luck, keeping fortune dwelling on the inside.
She is also a mother goddess and closely associated with the kings and pharoahs, at the temple at Deir el-Bahri, she is shown as the heavenly cow suckling the pharaoh. Royal ladies often took the title 'priestess of Hathor' in her honour.
She was also the goddess who protected women during pregnancy and childbirth. As a Goddess of fertility and moisture, she was associated with the inundation of the Nile, in this aspect she is linked to the Dog-star Sothis whose rising above the horizon heralded the annual flooding of the Nile. She ruled the month of Athyr, 17th September (the birthday of Hathor) to 16th October, being the third month of the Inundation Season. As the goddess of music and dancing her symbol was the sistrum.
Hathor, on the column capitals in her shrines is often depicted with the ears of a cow and a crown formed of horns supporting the disc of the Sun. The crown symbol was later adopted by Isis. She is also depicted as the papyrus reed (a ritual of plucking up papyrus stalks was performed in her honour), a snake 'who laughs with Wadjet', or a sistrum (a type of rattle).
The sycamore was sacred to Hathor, this association was later assumed by Isis, who took over most of the associations of Hathor. The sycamore was a sacred tree that offered shade and refreshment to the dead as they undertook their journey from this world to the next.
The entry to the underworld, was thought to be on the western horizon, the place of the setting sun, and the kingdom of the dead was called the "Land of the western Ones", hence her title as "Lady of the West". In the Book of the Dead she is refered to as 'Lady of the headland of Manu' (the western mountains) and is joined by the Sun God Re as he sinks below the horizon. Her protection extends to those deceased in the Underworld, in the form of a garment known as the 'tjesten', which affords a safe path, past enemies dwelling on the Island of Fire.
Hathor as a Goddess of Love, Music and Dance
In ancient Egypt Hathor is seen as the supreme Goddess of sexual love, as a Goddess of Heavenly Charm, it is easy to see how the Greeks, linked Hathor with Aphrodite, the Goddess of Love. In love poetry, she is described as 'golden' or 'Lady of Heaven'.
I built a house for the Goddess,
Made of the wood of the sycamore tree.
Under the leaves of the palm tree,
I eat bread in honour of her.
Hathor, Hawk of the Sky,
Rest in the limbs of my tree.
Hathor, House of the Sun,
Live in my house forever.
The Eye Of Re
"There came a time when the people began to drift away from the worship of the God. Re, in vengeance, sent his daughter, Hathor, in the form of a lion, to punish mankind.
After a time, Re decided that mankind had suffered enough and ordered Hathor to return, she, being sated with blood lust refused. The Sun God ordered a vast quantity of beer to be made, coloured with red ochre, which was then poured into the field where Hathor-Sakhmet lay sleeping. On waking, Hathor seeing the fields reddened with what she thought was blood, began to gorge herself, falling into an intoxicated stupor, Re was able to return her.
To mark the occasion, so that mankind would not forget their narrow escape from annihilation, Re ordered a festival to be held each year in Hathor's honour."
This was a very popular religious festival and was celebrated (August 7th) at New Year, at all the shrines dedicated to Hathor, throughout the kingdom. Hathor was worshiped as the "Seven Hathors": Hathor of Thebes, Heliopolis, Aphroditopolis, Sinai, Momemphis, Herakleopolis, and Keset. Her primary shrine was at Denderah, the "Place of Intoxication", she was also worshipped as principal deity at temples in the modern cities of Atfih and Gebelein. At Edfu, she is the wife of Horus, here her name means "Mansion of Horus", signifying her role as sky Goddess and protector of Horus. At Thebes, Hathor takes on the role of Goddess of the Dead.
The Seven Hathors
In the tomb of Nefertari (Dynasty XIX) and in the Book of the Dead, the Goddess Hathor is depicted as seven cows whose role is to determine the destiny of a child at birth. Each of these different aspects of the Goddess as her own name:
i/ Lady of the universe.
ii/ Sky-storm.
iii/ You from the land of silence.
iv/ You from Khemmis.
v/ Red-hair.
vi/ Bright red.
vii/ Your name flourishes through skill.
Several alternative names for the seven Hathors has been found in papyri concerning Mythology, these are:
i Lady of the House of Jubliation.
ii + iii Mistress of the West.
iv + v Mistress of the East.
vi + vii Ladies of the sacred land.
Hathor's Mirror
Ancient Egyptian mirrors, unlike our modern counterparts, were not constructed from glass and a silver layer, but from a flat oval of polished copper or bronze, with a wooden or bone handle, the handle was often shaped into the form of a Goddess. The metal Copper is still today linked with the Goddess. This same shape can be seen in the Sun Disc symbol that represents Hathor.
Of the nine 'bodies', the Egyptians believed all animals and creatures consisted of, Hathor was associated with Sekhem - the form body, this was the representation of the form of power of a man or woman. It is the vital spark or energy contained within the individual, that can be built up and projected in Magick. Looking into Hathor's Mirror, your own individual power is reflected on one side, while the thoughts or energies of friends/enemies are reflected on the other. Used as a ward of protection, the energies of an attacker is reflected back to themselves, sensing a power from their intended victim equal to the strength that they feel they possess.
--~Attributes and Correspondences~--
Area of Influence:
Creation, Fertility, Love, Beauty, Music, Revenge, Sovereignty, Protection, Childbirth
Egyptian
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Lynx, Sparrow, Swan, Dove, Cow
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Emerald, Turquoise, Copper
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Sistrum
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Rose, Myrtle, Papyrus, Sycamore
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The Empress, Sevens
Athyr, 17th Sept - 16th Oct
Egyptian - Gods and Goddesses
Name | Title | Type |
---|---|---|
God of the horizon. | God | |
Goddess of the Underworld. | Goddess | |
God of Winds. | God | |
Primordial goddess | Goddess | |
Patron God of Andjet. | God | |
God of War. | God | |
Goddess of the 17th Nome. | Goddess | |
Hawk god of Upper Egypt. | God | |
God of the dead and ruler of the underworld. | God | |
Goddess of the Nile River. | Goddess | |
Lion-headed warrior God. | God | |
God of Evil, darkness and choas. | God | |
Bull God. | God | |
Nubian God | God | |
God of oases and the vineyards of the western Nile Delta. | God | |
Creator God and Aspect of Ra. | God | |
God of Creation. | God | |
Baboon god associated with death and virility. | God | |
Ram god of fertility. | God | |
God of the Underworld. | God | |
Goddess of Cats, Lower Egypt, the sun and the moon. | Goddess | |
Cow goddess who gave authority to the king. | Goddess | |
Bull God. | God | |
God of households. | God | |
Crocodile god. | God | |
God of Incense | God | |
God of the Earth. | God | |
God of the western deserts. | God | |
God of the annual flooding of the Nile. | God | |
Cow-goddess of the sky, fertility, love, beauty, and music. | Goddess | |
Fish Goddess. | Goddess | |
Goddess and the female personification of infinity or eternity. | Goddess | |
God of magic | God | |
Goddess of fate and protection | Goddess | |
Goddess of childbirth and fertility | Goddess | |
Ram God Ruler of Riverbanks | God | |
God of war, sky, and protection. | God | |
Deification of eternity | God | |
Goddess and personification of the East. | Goddess | |
God of the moon | God | |
Goddess of milk, nurturing and childbirth | Goddess | |
God of Sistrum Playing. | God | |
Goddess of the necropolis west of the Nile. | Goddess | |
God of medicine and healing. | God | |
Mother Goddess. | Goddess | |
Goddess of magic, motherhood and fertility. | Goddess | |
Primal goddess, the grandmother of all of the deities. | Goddess | |
Goddess of Darkness. | Goddess | |
Goddess of embalming liquid and purification. | Goddess | |
God of rebirth and the sunrise. | God | |
Earth God and a God of the underworld | God | |
God of creation and the waters. | God | |
God of youth and the moon. | God | |
A creator deity | God | |
Male personification of darkness. | God | |
God of war and weather. | God | |
Goddess who personified the order and balance of the universe. | Goddess | |
Goddess who protected against snakes and scorpions | Goddess | |
Sun God of Lower Nubia | God | |
Goddess of War. | Goddess | |
Goddess associated with rejoicing, singing, and dancing | Goddess | |
Cobra-goddess of tomb builders and protector of royal tombs. | Goddess | |
Goddess of childbirth. | Goddess | |
God of procreation and fertility | God | |
The sacred bull of Heliopolis | God | |
Falcon god of war. | God | |
Mother goddess | Goddess | |
God of healing and beauty | God | |
Guardian of the Duat. | God | |
Goddess of creation, war, and hunting. | Goddess | |
Vulture goddess, patron of pharaohs and Upper Egypt | Goddess | |
God of grain | God | |
Goddess of death, night, and lamentation. | Goddess | |
God of the promordial waters. | God | |
Goddess of the sky and heavens | Goddess | |
God of Vegetation, Fertily and the afterlife. | God | |
Goddess of War | Goddess | |
God of revenge. | God | |
Creator God. | God | |
God of the Sun. | God | |
Fish God | God | |
Goddess of nourishment and the harvest. | Goddess | |
Goddess of war, hunting, fertility, and the flooding of the Nile River. | Goddess | |
Goddess of the sun, destruction, pestilence, and war | Goddess | |
Scorpion Goddess of healing. | Goddess | |
Goddess of writing, astronomy, astrology, architecture, and mathematics. | Goddess | |
God of the Desert and Storms. | God | |
Protective and Saviour deity | God | |
God of execution, slaughter, blood, oil, and wine. | God | |
God of the Wind and Air. | God | |
Crocodile God of the Nile. | God | |
Goddess of Fertility and the personification of Sothis | Goddess | |
Hippopotamus Goddess of pregnant women. | Goddess | |
Goddess of moisture, moist air, dew, and rain. | Goddess | |
Goddess of beer. | Goddess | |
God of Magic, Learning and Scribes. | God | |
Snake Goddess | Goddess | |
Snake goddess and protector of Lower Egypt. | Goddess | |
Fertility God | God | |
Sky and Death God | God | |
Jackal god of warfare and hunting. | God | |
Goddess of supernatural powers. | Goddess | |
Guardian Goddess of Thebes. | Goddess |
Bibliography
- The Witches God - Janet and Stewart Farrar
- The Witches Goddess - Janet and Stewart Farrar
- A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses - George Hart
- Celtic Goddesses - Miranda Green
- Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia - Jeremy Black and Anthony Green
- Maori Religion and Mythology - Edward Shortland
- The Greek Myths - Robert Graves
- Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines, 2-Volume Set - Patricia Monaghan
- Asgard and the Gods: The Tales and Traditions of Our Northern Ancestors - Wilhelm Wägner Macdovvall
- The Mythology of all Races - Vol 1-12 - Louis H Gray
- The Ancient Gods Speak - Edited by Donald B Redford
- The Pyramid Texts - Faulkner
- Aradia, Gospel of the Witches - Charles G. Leland
- Myths of the Norsemen From the Eddas and Sagas - H. A. Guerber
- The Theogony of Hesiod - translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White 1914
- Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities, 2-Volume Set - Charles Russell Coulter and Patricia Turner
- Wikipedia
[These pages use text from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.]
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Quote of the DayQuote Of The Day: Saturday, 17 April 2021
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Saturday, 17 April 2021
Todays Colour is: Jade
Todays Incense is: Peony
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Saturday, 17 April 2021
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The Ram.
A Masculine, Cardinal Fire Sign.
The first sign of the zodiac is Aries. In the esoteric tradition Aries represents the fire of the spirit.