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Monday, 18 January 2021
Anubis - God of the dead and ruler of the underworld.
Anubis is a God of the dead and ruler of the underworld. Anubis is normally seen as a jackal or dog or in jackal-headed human form. He is normally depicted in black, and the colour is symbolic, it represents the colour of the body after the mummification process. Black is also associated with the fertile Nile silt deposited on the land, called the 'Black Land' and hence rebirth in the afterlife.
The nature of Anubis is probably best revealed through the epithets used:
Khenty-Imentiu - meaning 'Foremost of the Westerners' (the west was were the entrance to the underworld was located) indicating his leadership of those buried in the cemeteries.
Khenty-sek-Netjer - 'presiding over God's pavillion' The gods pavillion was the place were the ritual of embalming took place and the burial chamber. It emphasis is role as of guardian, protecter and guide for the dead.
Tepy-Dju-ef - 'Anubis who is upon is mountain' again another image of Anubis as a protector of cemeteries.
Neb-ta-Djeser - 'Lord of the sacred land' which again refers to the desert where the necropoleis and cemeteries lay. He is sometime also called 'Jackal ruler of the bows' which is another aspect of Anubis as a necropolis guardian.
Imy-ut - 'he who is in the place of embalming' and stresses the role in the mummification process. Anubis was the god the provided the iron for the magical adze used in the 'Opening of the Mouth' ritual.
He can also be found in the Book of the Dead, in the weighing of the heart ceremony and is described as 'he who counts the hearts'. In the Pyramind Texts he is sometimes called 'claimer of hearts' who purpose is to the free the King from restrictions on earth in order for him to join the gods in the sky. Anubis guides the deceased who have passed the tests and whose hearts have been vindicated as honest towards the throne of Osiris.
Invocation/Prayer to Anubis
The earth speaks: The doors of the earth-god are opened for you, the doors of Geb are thrown open for you, you come forth at the voice of Anubis, he makes a spirit of you like Thoth, you judge the gods, you set the bounds to the celestial expanses between the Two Wands in this your spiritualised state which Anubis commanded.
[From The Pyramid Texts: 796-798]
Although Anubis is depicted in the vignettes frequently, he seems to miss out in the actual text of the incantations of the Book of The Dead, and there is not one invocation to him that I've found. Thoth, Hathor, and (unsurprisingly) Osiris feature largely as the objects of praise and dedication, but Anubis seems to be happy with doing a lot of the work and getting precious little mention, other than respectful passages and mentions as introductions to some of the spells
It is worth noting that as the Cult of Osiris grew, Osiris was associated with almost every major deity at some point; in the case of Anubis, Osiris, took over roles once played by Anubis. In the Pyramid Texts, Anubis assumes greater roles, as judge and guide to the dead. The cult of Anubis as the god of death and the underworld pre-dates that of Osiris, and he was relegated somewhat as the Cult of Osiris become more popular.
--~Attributes and Correspondences~--
Area of Influence:
Death, Underworld
Egyptian
Underworld
Jackal, Dog
Black
Anput
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West
Earth
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Flail
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Egyptian - Gods and Goddesses
Name | Title | Type |
---|---|---|
God of the horizon. | God | |
Goddess of the Underworld. | Goddess | |
God of Winds. | God | |
Primordial goddess | Goddess | |
Patron God of Andjet. | God | |
God of War. | God | |
Goddess of the 17th Nome. | Goddess | |
Hawk god of Upper Egypt. | God | |
God of the dead and ruler of the underworld. | God | |
Goddess of the Nile River. | Goddess | |
Lion-headed warrior God. | God | |
God of Evil, darkness and choas. | God | |
Bull God. | God | |
Nubian God | God | |
God of oases and the vineyards of the western Nile Delta. | God | |
Creator God and Aspect of Ra. | God | |
God of Creation. | God | |
Baboon god associated with death and virility. | God | |
Ram god of fertility. | God | |
God of the Underworld. | God | |
Goddess of Cats, Lower Egypt, the sun and the moon. | Goddess | |
Cow goddess who gave authority to the king. | Goddess | |
Bull God. | God | |
God of households. | God | |
Crocodile god. | God | |
God of Incense | God | |
God of the Earth. | God | |
God of the western deserts. | God | |
God of the annual flooding of the Nile. | God | |
Cow-goddess of the sky, fertility, love, beauty, and music. | Goddess | |
Fish Goddess. | Goddess | |
Goddess and the female personification of infinity or eternity. | Goddess | |
God of magic | God | |
Goddess of fate and protection | Goddess | |
Goddess of childbirth and fertility | Goddess | |
Ram God Ruler of Riverbanks | God | |
God of war, sky, and protection. | God | |
Deification of eternity | God | |
Goddess and personification of the East. | Goddess | |
God of the moon | God | |
Goddess of milk, nurturing and childbirth | Goddess | |
God of Sistrum Playing. | God | |
Goddess of the necropolis west of the Nile. | Goddess | |
God of medicine and healing. | God | |
Mother Goddess. | Goddess | |
Goddess of magic, motherhood and fertility. | Goddess | |
Primal goddess, the grandmother of all of the deities. | Goddess | |
Goddess of Darkness. | Goddess | |
Goddess of embalming liquid and purification. | Goddess | |
God of rebirth and the sunrise. | God | |
Earth God and a God of the underworld | God | |
God of creation and the waters. | God | |
God of youth and the moon. | God | |
A creator deity | God | |
Male personification of darkness. | God | |
God of war and weather. | God | |
Goddess who personified the order and balance of the universe. | Goddess | |
Goddess who protected against snakes and scorpions | Goddess | |
Sun God of Lower Nubia | God | |
Goddess of War. | Goddess | |
Goddess associated with rejoicing, singing, and dancing | Goddess | |
Cobra-goddess of tomb builders and protector of royal tombs. | Goddess | |
Goddess of childbirth. | Goddess | |
God of procreation and fertility | God | |
The sacred bull of Heliopolis | God | |
Falcon god of war. | God | |
Mother goddess | Goddess | |
God of healing and beauty | God | |
Guardian of the Duat. | God | |
Goddess of creation, war, and hunting. | Goddess | |
Vulture goddess, patron of pharaohs and Upper Egypt | Goddess | |
God of grain | God | |
Goddess of death, night, and lamentation. | Goddess | |
God of the promordial waters. | God | |
Goddess of the sky and heavens | Goddess | |
God of Vegetation, Fertily and the afterlife. | God | |
Goddess of War | Goddess | |
God of revenge. | God | |
Creator God. | God | |
God of the Sun. | God | |
Fish God | God | |
Goddess of nourishment and the harvest. | Goddess | |
Goddess of war, hunting, fertility, and the flooding of the Nile River. | Goddess | |
Goddess of the sun, destruction, pestilence, and war | Goddess | |
Scorpion Goddess of healing. | Goddess | |
Goddess of writing, astronomy, astrology, architecture, and mathematics. | Goddess | |
God of the Desert and Storms. | God | |
Protective and Saviour deity | God | |
God of execution, slaughter, blood, oil, and wine. | God | |
God of the Wind and Air. | God | |
Crocodile God of the Nile. | God | |
Goddess of Fertility and the personification of Sothis | Goddess | |
Hippopotamus Goddess of pregnant women. | Goddess | |
Goddess of moisture, moist air, dew, and rain. | Goddess | |
Goddess of beer. | Goddess | |
God of Magic, Learning and Scribes. | God | |
Snake Goddess | Goddess | |
Snake goddess and protector of Lower Egypt. | Goddess | |
Fertility God | God | |
Sky and Death God | God | |
Jackal god of warfare and hunting. | God | |
Goddess of supernatural powers. | Goddess | |
Guardian Goddess of Thebes. | Goddess |
Bibliography
- The Witches God - Janet and Stewart Farrar
- The Witches Goddess - Janet and Stewart Farrar
- A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses - George Hart
- Celtic Goddesses - Miranda Green
- Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia - Jeremy Black and Anthony Green
- Maori Religion and Mythology - Edward Shortland
- The Greek Myths - Robert Graves
- Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines, 2-Volume Set - Patricia Monaghan
- Asgard and the Gods: The Tales and Traditions of Our Northern Ancestors - Wilhelm Wägner Macdovvall
- The Mythology of all Races - Vol 1-12 - Louis H Gray
- The Ancient Gods Speak - Edited by Donald B Redford
- The Pyramid Texts - Faulkner
- Aradia, Gospel of the Witches - Charles G. Leland
- Myths of the Norsemen From the Eddas and Sagas - H. A. Guerber
- The Theogony of Hesiod - translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White 1914
- Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities, 2-Volume Set - Charles Russell Coulter and Patricia Turner
- Wikipedia
[These pages use text from Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.]
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Quote of the DayQuote Of The Day: Monday, 18 January 2021
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Monday, 18 January 2021
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Monday, 18 January 2021
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